{
  "id": "R-1029",
  "title": "Offender Assessment System (OASys) re-offending risk scoring, Ministry of Justice, England and Wales, 2001–present",
  "short_title": "OASys risk scores inform bail, sentencing and parole",
  "jurisdiction": {
    "country": "United Kingdom",
    "region": "England and Wales",
    "level": "national"
  },
  "domain": "criminal_justice",
  "system_type": "rule_based_risk_scoring",
  "system_name": "Offender Assessment System (OASys)",
  "deployed_by": "UK Ministry of Justice / His Majesty's Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS)",
  "year_start": 2001,
  "year_end": null,
  "harm_type": "mixed",
  "subject_count_estimate": null,
  "subject_identification": "anonymous_collective",
  "oversight_trigger": "parliamentary_inquiry",
  "oversight_date": "2025",
  "remedy_status": "partial",
  "documentation_status": "verified",
  "summary_50w": "The UK Ministry of Justice has used OASys, an algorithmic risk-assessment system, to score prisoners and people on probation for re-offending risk since 2001, completing over 1,300 assessments a day. The scores inform bail, sentencing and parole decisions. Academics, prisoners and a House of Lords committee have raised concerns over racial bias, inaccurate data and the inability to challenge errors.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "type": "other",
      "title": "UK: Over 1,300 people profiled daily by Ministry of Justice AI system to ‘predict’ re-offending risk",
      "url": "https://www.statewatch.org/news/2025/april/uk-over-1-300-people-profiled-daily-by-ministry-of-justice-ai-system-to-predict-re-offending-risk/",
      "publisher": "Statewatch",
      "date": null,
      "access_date": "2026-04-15",
      "is_primary": false,
      "notes": "Originating report"
    },
    {
      "type": "other",
      "title": "Ministry of Justice — A compendium of research and analysis on the Offender Assessment System (OASys)",
      "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7f676fed915d74e33f6380/research-analysis-offender-assessment-system.pdf",
      "publisher": "UK Government (GOV.UK)",
      "date": null,
      "access_date": "2026-04-16",
      "is_primary": true
    },
    {
      "type": "other",
      "title": "Independent Sentencing Review 2024 to 2025: Call for Evidence  - GOV.UK",
      "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/calls-for-evidence/independent-sentencing-review-2024-to-2025/independent-sentencing-review-2024-to-2025-call-for-evidence",
      "publisher": "GOV.UK",
      "date": null,
      "access_date": "2026-04-16",
      "is_primary": true
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "criminal_justice",
    "risk_scoring",
    "racial_bias",
    "prison_profiling",
    "data_inaccuracy",
    "algorithmic_decision",
    "uk",
    "reoffending_prediction"
  ],
  "extraction_metadata": {
    "first_collected": "2026-04-15T17:41:23.375093+00:00",
    "last_verified": "2026-10-10T15:46:29.971673+00:00",
    "verified_by": "human_review"
  }
}