{
  "id": "R-3703",
  "title": "Rikunabi job-offer-decline prediction scores sold to employers without consent, Recruit Career, Japan, 2018–2019",
  "short_title": "Rikunabi sells predictions of which students will decline job offers",
  "jurisdiction": {
    "country": "Japan",
    "region": null,
    "level": "national"
  },
  "domain": "hiring",
  "system_type": "ml_classifier",
  "system_name": "Rikunabi DMP Follow",
  "deployed_by": "Recruit Career Co., Ltd. (with Recruit Communications)",
  "year_start": 2018,
  "year_end": 2019,
  "harm_type": "collective",
  "subject_count_estimate": 7983,
  "subject_identification": "anonymous_collective",
  "oversight_trigger": "regulatory_enforcement",
  "oversight_date": "2019-08-26",
  "remedy_status": "partial",
  "documentation_status": "verified",
  "summary_50w": "Between March 2018 and February 2019, Recruit Career used Rikunabi job-site browsing data and a machine-learning model to score how likely individual student applicants were to decline job offers, selling the scores to 35 client companies. Japan's Personal Information Protection Commission found personal data was provided without consent, issued recommendations, and the service was discontinued in 2019.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "type": "other",
      "title": "Japan’s Rikunabi Scandal Shows The Dangers of Privacy Law Loopholes",
      "url": "https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2021/05/japans-rikunabi-scandal-shows-dangers-privacy-law-loopholes",
      "publisher": "Electronic Frontier Foundation",
      "date": null,
      "access_date": "2026-04-23",
      "is_primary": false,
      "notes": "Originating report"
    },
    {
      "type": "other",
      "title": "個人情報の保護に関する法律第42条第1項の規定に基づく勧告等について (Recommendation under APPI Art. 42(1) to Recruit Career)",
      "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/files/pdf/190826_houdou.pdf",
      "publisher": "Personal Information Protection Commission, Japan",
      "date": null,
      "access_date": "2026-10-10",
      "is_primary": true
    },
    {
      "type": "other",
      "title": "個人情報の保護に関する法律に基づく行政上の対応について (Administrative action against Recruit, Recruit Career and 35 client companies)",
      "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/files/pdf/191204_houdou.pdf",
      "publisher": "Personal Information Protection Commission, Japan",
      "date": null,
      "access_date": "2026-10-10",
      "is_primary": true
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "hiring_bias",
    "profiling_without_consent",
    "data_protection_violation",
    "behavioural_scoring",
    "regulator_finding",
    "japan_appi"
  ],
  "extraction_metadata": {
    "first_collected": "2026-04-23T06:49:14.205086+00:00",
    "last_verified": "2026-10-10T16:06:44.084191+00:00",
    "verified_by": "human_review"
  }
}